Pilar de Madariaga Rojo was born in Madrid more than a century ago, on April 21, 1903, at the beginning of the period known as the Silver Age, which corresponds to the first third of the 20th century. Scientific, artistic and literary activities bloomed with international quality and impact on a way only comparable to the Spanish Golden Age. It began with a milestone in medicine, the Nobel Prize awarded to Santiago Ramón y Cajal in 1906, and tragically ended with the outbreak of the Spanish civil war in 1936. This Silver Age falls within the historical period known as the Second Republic.